Julius Deutsch (February 2, 1884, Lackenbach,

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...

– January 17, 1968,

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

) was a politician of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria, member of Parliament between 1920-1933 and co-founder and leader of the Social Democrat

militia A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of r ...

Republikanischer Schutzbund The Republikanischer Schutzbund (, ''Republican Protection League'') was an Austrian paramilitary organization established in 1923 by the Social Democratic Party (SDAPÖ) to secure power in the face of rising political radicalization after World ...

" (Republican Defense Association).

Leader of the Schutzbund

Julius Deutsch founded the "Schutzbund" in 1923 as an answer to the paramilitary organization "

Heimwehr The Heimwehr (, ) or Heimatschutz (, ) was a nationalist, initially paramilitary group operating in Austria during the 1920s and 1930s that was similar in methods, organization, and ideology to the Freikorps in Germany. It was opposed to parliam ...

" (Home Guard), which was ideologically related to the Christian Social Party. He remained its leader until its destruction in 1934. Schutzbund members were primarily recruited out of the "Deutschösterreichische Volkswehr" (German-Austrian People's Guard). It had been organized by Deutsch himself as Under Secretary of State in the Department of Armed Forces (November 1918 until March 1919) and as Secretary of State in the Department of Armed Forces (March 1919 until October 1920). After the defeat of the Republican Guard during the Austrian Civil War of 1934 and the following ban on the Social Democrats, he fled to the city of Brno in Czechoslovakia.

Emigration

From 1936 until 1939 Deutsch fought as General of the Republican troops in the

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, link ...

. 1939 he moved to Paris and worked for the foreign representation of the Austrian Socialists (AVOES). After the occupation of France by

National Socialist Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Na ...

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

, Deutsch, who was of Jewish descent, had to emigrate again, this time to the United States of America. He returned to Austria in 1946. Deutsch was also the President of the

Socialist Workers' Sport International Socialist Workers' Sport International (german: Sozialistische Arbeitersport Internationale, SASI) was an international socialist sporting organisation, based in Lucerne. It was founded in 1920, and consisted of six national federations (with a co ...

. Wheeler, Robert F.
Organized Sport and Organized Labour: The Workers' Sports Movement
', in ''Journal of Contemporary History'', Vol. 13, No. 2, Special Issue: Workers' Culture (Apr., 1978), pp. 191-210 Deutsch was married three times, to Josefine Schall, the mother of Grethe/Gretl Deutsch, b. 1908; to Maria Herzmansky b. 1884 mother of Hedwig (Hexi) Kramer; and to the novelist Adrienne Thomas, b. 1897. After his death, a

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apartment complex "Julius-Deutsch-Hof" was named in his honor. Julius Deutsch was also an uncle of Karl Wolfgang Deutsch, a renowned German-American

social Social organisms, including human(s), live collectively in interacting populations. This interaction is considered social whether they are aware of it or not, and whether the exchange is voluntary or not. Etymology The word "social" derives from ...

and

political scientist Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and la ...

; the grandfather of Canadian economist Gerald Karl Helleiner;Pratt, Cranford; Culpeper, Roy (2016). "Gerald K. Helleiner: a global citizen" in ''Global Development Fifty Years after Bretton Woods: Essays in Honour of Gerald K. Helleiner'', ed. Albert Berry, Roy Culpeper, and Frances Stewart. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 9. . and great-grandfather of Canadian political scientist

Eric Helleiner Eric Helleiner is an author and professor of political science and the Faculty of Arts Chair in International Political Economy at the University of Waterloo, and a professor at the Balsillie School of International Affairs. He holds a Ph.D. and M. ...

Works

*Julius Deutsch: ''Antifascism, Sports, Sobriety: Forging a Militant Working-Class Culture. Selected Writings.'' Edited and translated by

Gabriel Kuhn Gabriel Kuhn (born 1972) is a political writer and translator based in Sweden. Biography Kuhn became straight edge and active in radical circles as a teenager. Following post-secondary studies in Austria and the United States, Kuhn lived in th ...

. PM Press: Oakland, 2017. *Julius Deutsch: Antifascism. Proletarian ability to put up a fight in the battle against Fascism. Vienna 1926 in "'' Aufbau''": *''The political emigration speaks'' (Die politische Emigration spricht), Jg. 8. 1942, Nr. 14 (3. April 1942), S. 5 *''New Austria'' (Das neue Oesterreich), Jg. 9. 1943, Nr. 45 (5. November 1943), S. 1 *''The new Government in Austria'' (Die neue Regierung in Oesterreich), Jg. 11. 1945, Nr. 18 (4. Mai 1945), S. 3 in "''New Forward''" (

Vorwärts ''Vorwärts'' (, "Forward") is a newspaper published by the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). Founded in 1876, it was the central organ of the SPD for many decades. Following the party's Halle Congress (1891), it was published daily as ...

): *''Travelling impressions in America'' (Reiseeindruecke in Amerika), Nr. 84 (20. Januar 1935), Beilage, S. 1 in the "''Parisian daily News''": (Pariser Tageszeitung): *''From defense to offense'' (Von der Defensive in die Offensive), Jg. 2. 1937, Nr. 406 (24. Juli 1937), S. 1 *''Spains battle for Freedom - the honor of democracy'' (Spaniens Freiheitskampf – die Ehre der Demokratie), Jg. 3. 1938, Nr. 568 (2. Januar 1938), S. 2 in the "''Socialist Observatory''" (Sozialistische Warte): *''A clear answer'' (Eine eindeutige Antwort), Jg. 14. 1939, Nr. 33 (18. August 1939), S. 793

References

External links

Julius Deutsch at the Third Workers' Olympiad, Antwerp, 1937
(photo)
Recordings with Julius Deutsch
in the Online Archive of the

Österreichische Mediathek The Österreichische Mediathek ("Austrian Mediathek") is the Austrian archive for sound recordings and videos on cultural and contemporary history. It was founded in 1960 as Österreichische Phonothek (Austrian Phonothek) by the Ministry of Educat ...

(in German). Retrieved 29 July 2019 {{DEFAULTSORT:Deutsch, Julius 1884 births 1968 deaths People from Oberpullendorf District People from the Kingdom of Hungary Jewish Austrian politicians Social Democratic Party of Austria politicians Austrian Ministers of Defence Members of the Constituent National Assembly (Austria) Members of the National Council (Austria) Jewish socialists Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I Austrian Civil War Austrian people of the Spanish Civil War